kassites in the bible

), whose kings were native Babylonians. A man named Tobiah the Ammonite is mentioned in Nehemiah 2:19 at the end of the Old Testament period (400s BC). Their direct or indirect ties to the Middle Euphrates region enhanced their communication with the Hittites who controlled parts of northern Syria, so they might have been instrumental in enabling the temporary conquest of Babylon by the Hittite king Telipinu, who put an end to Hammurabis dynasty in 1595 BCE and eventually gave way for the Kassite rule in Babylonia. 271-81. "New Light on Dilbat: Kassite Building Activities on the Ura Temple E-Ibbi-Anum at Tell al-Deylam" Zeitschrift fr Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archologie, vol. 231-246, Brinkman, J. 19-38. Republished under the British Museum Standard Terms of Use for non-profit educational purposes. 1499-1503. 1465 BCE (Brinkman, 1972, p. 274; Edens 1994, p. 210). of Balkan, Kassitenstudien, JNES 15, 1956, pp. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. The Kassites - Bible History The Kassites You are here: Home Ancient Babylonia Old Babylonian Period (2000 - 1595 BC) The Kassites Just exactly who The Kassites were, and anything about their origins and history, is very obscure. This discovery was made by the same archaeologist (Ludwig Borchardt) that discovered the Nefertiti bust and helped excavate the Amarna region. 144 ff.). Cite This Work The Character of the Kassite rule in Babylonia (the chronology follows Boese, 1982; cf. [46], The Kassite language has not been classified. A. Brinkman, Kassiten (Kass), RLA, vol. (Optional) Enter email address if you would like feedback about your tag. A. Armstrong, S. W. Cole, and V. G. Gurzadyan, Dating the Fall of Babylon: A Reappraisal of Second-Millennium Chronology (a Joint Ghent-Chicago-Harvard Project), Mesopotamian History and Environment 2: Memoirs 4. Unfortunately, many of those tablets have not yet been published, including hundreds held in the Ottoman Museum in Istanbul. 45-92, Pinches, T. G. The Question of the Kassite Language. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, 1907, pp. Possible traces of Kassites in Iranian nomenclature are negligible, for instance, Kagn, Kaakn < Kaaka@n, i.e., possibly "land of the Kassites" in Iran (see Eilers, 1957-58, p. 135). Several suspected Kassite names are recorded in Ur III economic documents from southern Babylonia, but it is not known whence these individuals originally came (Zadok, 1987, p. 16; 1993, pp. [7], Documentation of the Kassite period depends heavily on the scattered and disarticulated tablets from Nippur, where thousands of tablets and fragments have been excavated. Kings with Kassite names appeared on the middle Euphrates during the 17th century BCE. Press, 1997, Kjaerum, F. SEALS OF DILMUN-TYPE FROM FAILAKA, KUWAIT. Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, vol. Fourteen letters were exchanged between the pharaohs and two successive Kassite kings, Kadaman-Enlil I (1369-55 BCE) and Burnaburia II (1354-28 BCE). van Soldt Grammatical Irregularities in Middle Babylonian Texts and their Chronology 165 Helen Malko The Kassites of Babylonia: A Re-examination of an Ethnic Identity 177 Odette Boivin The Palace as Economic Production . Volume 1 Kardunia. Ein Diskussionsbeitrag zu mglichen lexikalischen Isoglossen". In the image below the reasoning behind the test is show. They acted along with palatial and temple ones (see Edens, 1994, pp. The Tabernacle of Ancient Israel - Brief Overview of the Tabernacle of Moses in the Wilderness and the Ark of the Covenant. The anonymity of most of the Kassites in late Old Babylonian sources is not greatly remedied by the new occurrences from the unpublished texts evaluated by Richardson (2002, pp. Elamites and Assyrians attack Babylonia. Their rule helped to shape many different aspects of the culture and religion was one major area where it was experienced the most. and debt slaves, thereby containing internal inequalities of wealth and legal status (slave-free continuum: see Brinkman, 1982). It is thought that the Kassites originated as tribal groups in the Zagros Mountains to the north-east of Babylonia. KASSITES, a people who probably originated in the Zagros and who ruled Babylonia in the 16th-12th centuries BCE. 65, no. Several individuals with Kassite names are recorded in the prism of Tunip-Teup from Tikunani (ca. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. After the Hittites' surgeon Babylon, the Kassites, coming from the North, North-East, settled in Babylon and founded their dynasty by Agum. How did the American colonies actually win the war and gain their Independence from Britain? Either way, the Amarna texts (#287-290) give an excellent insight into the turmoil that was going on around the same time that Joshua marched into the land. Many of the kings were popular rulers who became allies with other city-states within the region. Historical records indicate that the remaining Kassiste people eventually migrated back to their homeland in modern day Iran and were conquered ruled by the Greeks under Alexander the Great. J. Fincke, Die Orts- und Gewssernamen der Nuzi-Texte, Rpertoire Gographique des Textes Cuniformes 10, Wiesbaden, 1993. to 540 B.C. They continued to refer to such units after they had taken control over cities. Charpin, 1995). The Kassites were a warlike people that invaded Babylon during the 16th century B.C. 174-190, Bass, George F., et al. [35][36], The Elamites of the Shutrukid dynasty conquered Babylonia, carrying away the Statue of Marduk, in the 12th century BC, thus ending the Kassite state. We can learn about the society where the ancient Israelites, and later Jesus and the Apostles, lived through the modern discoveries that provide us clues. The Kassites strove to be integrated in the culture of the conquered land. The origin of the Kassites is uncertain, though a number of theories have been advanced. Why are Genesis 10 and 11 "significant" chapters? Kassites and Assyrians. What does a 3 digit interstate numbers mean? 88 f.). and ruled the area for 576 years. Its end is dated to 1150 BCE. However, tribal organization was not strange to the Babylonian society itself also in the Middle Babylonian period (see Sassmannshausen, 2001, p. 181). First mentioned in Elamite texts of the late 3rd millennium bc, they penetrated into Mesopotamia in the 2nd millennium, 27181. The Bible is not specific as to the exact date. The office of the governor was secular, but he could also serve as the high priest of the Enlil temple (Ekur) of Nippur. 415 f.). Armstrong, James A., and Hermann Gasche. Five prominent individuals and several places in Inner Media had Kassite names. [19], The ancient city of Nippur was a major focus for the Kassites. [59], Male head from Dur-Kurigalzu, Iraq, Kassite, reign of Marduk-apla-iddina I. Iraq Museum, Door socket from Dur-Kurigalzu, Iraq. The Kassites unified Mesopotamia into one culture centred around Babylon The HURRIANS c. 905-886 BC Also known as Hanigalbat, the Hurrians were Indo-Iranian warrior people who filled the vacuum left in central and northern Mesopotamia after the segregation and fall of their city kingdoms. The interest of the boundary stones for modern scholars is not only economic and religious but also artistic. Along with pictures of important people, places, and events, you will learn about the Kassites like never before. A. Gezer has been captured; (2011, August 03). 2. 131 f.). The texts are unclear about who the Apiru/Hapiru/Habiru people are. Balkan, 1954, pp. The names of some Kassite deities are known. How does violence against the family pet affect the family? This temple was probably one of the most important institutions of Kassite Babylonia. Christ was at once a Koresh, a Hebrew, and a Yehudi. Rulers with names in italics are considered fictional. Idem, Studies in Babylonian Feudalism of the Kassite Period, tr. There are also a number of building inscriptions, all but one written in Sumerian unlike the Akkadian typically used by the Kassites. After the fall of the Akkadian Empire, two new empires rose to power. A timeline of ancient Mesopotamian history up to and including the Persians. 2, 2004, pp. Therefore, it cannot be ruled out that this may be just an accident of documentation. Read Ahmose Is stelae and read Ahmose IIs stelas the second stelae abruptly ends only halfway through at the Red Sea after chasing a race of people through what sounds exactly like the Exodus route. Katiliau and the Sumundar Canal: A New Middle Babylonian Royal Inscription. Most cultic offices and lower administrative ranks were almost exclusively in the hands of Babylonians (Akkadians). 3, 1973, pp. How Long In Prison? Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/kassite/. Ramose was her father. Balkan, 1954, pp. R. Zadok, The Origin of the Name Shinar, ZA 74, 1984, pp. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. There were nearly thirty rulers who controlled Babylon under the reign of the Kassites, and they started with Agum II and ended with Enlil-nadin-ahi. M. Hlscher, Die Personennamen der kassitenzeitlischen Texte aus Nippur, Imgula 1, Mnster, 1996. Study on the Synchronistic King List from Ashur. The Kassites entered into Babylon after the Old Babylonian Empire and established their rule around 1531 B.C. Learn facts that you cant learn just from reading the Bible The Kassites, controlled Mesopotamia from 1595 to 1157 B.C. Babylonia under the Kassites 1, edited by Alexa Bartelmus and Katja Sternitzke, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017, pp. 2023 Encyclopdia Iranica Foundation, Inc. All Rights Reserved. In letter #108, Rib-Hadda gives praises to Baal and also Samas in the sky. The Babylonian Empire. Kraus on the occasion of his seventieth birthday, Studia Francisci Scholten memoriae dicata 5, Leiden, 1982, pp. The Kassites hardly penetrated the fields where acquaintance with the scribal art was required. (Bible Quiz), Journal of Ancient EgyptianInterconnections, Israel Mentioned in Egyptian Inscriptions, 15 Christian Leaders That Make More Money Getting Out Of Bed Than Youll Make All Year, Where Archaeology Meets The Bible: Neo Babylonian Period [626 - 529 BCE] | Dust Off The Bible, Where Archaeology Meets The Bible: Middle Babylonian Period [1000 625 BCE] | Dust Off The Bible. 93, no. kassites in the bible. Babylonia under the Sealand and Kassite Dynasties, edited by Susanne Paulus and Tim Clayden, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2020, pp. )], Buga[u?] Our collection of maps are simple and they are free. The opening of Joshua, chapter 10, describes the King of Jerusalem being afraid because of the capturing of Ai and Jericho by Joshua during battle. Roman Empire Map - This is depicted in letters #287 and his sixth letter, #290. 11-15). Idem, A Political History of Post-Kassite Babylonia, Analecta Orientalia 43, Rome, 1968. "10. Ancient Orient Museum, Kudurru mentioning the name of the Kassite king Kurigalzu II, from Nippur, Iraq, Ancient Orient Museum, Babylonian cuneiform tablet with a map from Nippur, Kassite period, 1550-1450 BCE, Winged centaur hunting animals. A 300-year Middle Eastern Dark lasted from 1157 to 883 B.C. There is only soft evidence about whether or not the Habiru are actually the Hebrews. According to Genesis 10, they were the descendants of Heth, son of Canaan, who was the son of Ham, born of Noah (Genesis 10: 1-6). This article is available in print.Vol. Babylonian Pottery in the Kassite Period". 6, no. Web. Large Map of Israel in the First Century - Click around on the Cities. What kind of government did the Kassites have? The Kassites first appear as a political factor in Babylonia in 1742 (or 1741) BCE, when they were opposed by both Samsiluna and Rm-Sn Is (see Stol, 1975, pp. This was followed by Dynasty II of Isin (1169-1039 b.c. Kish in the Kassite Period (c. 1650-1150 B.C. Balkan (1968, p. 7) is of the opinion that between the king and the people there was a stratum of nobles, who mostly belonged to the royal family or the palace. Leiden: BRILL. Their main project was the foundation of a new capital, named Dr-Kurigalzu Kurigalzus fortress (this type of place name is common in second- and early first-millennium Babylonia, where the initial component precedes a Kassite anthroponym (e.g., Agum and Burra-sah, Nashef, 1982, pp. They even burn their sons and daughters in the fire as sacrifices to their gods. All the Kassite rulers up to Katilya IV inclusive bore Kassite names, the only exception being Kudur-Enlil, whose first component is not originally Akkadian but Elamite (cf. The Kassite Dynasty refurbished many of the ancient Babylonian cities and constructed a new city called Dur Kurigalzu (named after one of the Kassite kings) near modern Baghdad. Ira Spar, Michael Jursa: Cuneiform Texts from the Metropolitan Museum of Art IV: The Ebabbar Temple Archive and Other Texts from the Fourth to the First Millennium BC. [8][9] About 100 Kassite tablets were found at Dur-Kurigalzu. The fall of the First Sealand dynasty in 1460 BC created a power vacuum which the Kassites filled. Assyrian king Tukulti-Ninurta I (1243 - 1207 B.C.) [12] Several tablets dated to the reign of Agum III were found at the Dilmun site of Qal'at al-Bahrain. There are numerous accounts in both Akkadian and Canaanite literature that speak of the religious nature of the area, which affirms the biblical accounts. 93-111, Schulman, Alan R. Diplomatic Marriage in the Egyptian New Kingdom. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, vol. At some point between the 14th and 9th centuries BCE, the great ziggurat of Babylon was built which would later become associated with the Tower of Babel. 1-44, van Koppen, Frans. (Deuteronomy 12:31 NIV). The Kassites produced a substantial amount of pottery. What type of medicine do you put on a burn? They gained control of Babylonia after the Hittite sack of Babylon in 1531 BC, and established a dynasty generally assumed to have been based first in that city, after a hiatus. 20, 2010, pp. Volume 1 Kardunia. Mu-s-Sa Dates in the Kassite Period. Die Welt Des Orients, vol. There was an intensive connection between the ruling dynasty and the city of Nippur. The Kassites: The History and Legacy of the Ancient Civilization that Hittites, Kassites and Mitanni Children's Middle Eastern History Books, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Map Store - Download High-Res Maps and Images, 2023, Bible History | All rights reserved, Middle Babylonian Period (1595 - 1000 BC). L. Sassmannshausen, The Adaptation of the Kassites to the Babylonian Civilization, in K. van Lerberghe and G. Voet, eds., Languages and Cultures in Contact. Under the later Kassite kings political authority was weakened as peripheral provinces detached themselves from effective state control (see Brinkman, 1963, pp. One interesting aspect of these letters is that they are written in Akkadian cuneiform and not Egyptian. The Hittites (/ h t a t s /) were an Anatolian people who played an important role in establishing first a kingdom in Kussara before 1750 BC, then the Kanesh or Nesha kingdom (ca. Chen, Fei (2020). 1-8. Idem, The Ethno-Linguistic Character of Northwestern Iran and Kurdistan in the Neo-Assyrian Period, Tel Aviv, 2002. But the Kassites resumed control of Babylonia thanks to Elamite pressure and a successful Babylonian rebellion. ; Nashef, 1982, pp. A terminus post quem for the Kassites penetration into the Middle Euphrates region and Upper Mesopotamia in general can be deduced from the absence of Kassite names.in the rich documentation from early Old Babylonian Mari, Tuttul, Tall Lln, and Chaghar Bazar. The letters M-S in ancient Egyptian mean to come from. 113-118. [53] Kassite pottery deposits have been found as far away as Al Khor Island in the Persian Gulf area. Katiliau of Terqa was probably a contemporary of Abi-euh (1711-1684 BCE; see Podany, 2002, pp. W. De Smet, Kashsh in Old-Babylonian Documents, Akkadica 68, 1990, pp. The Kassite (or presumably such) clans are Bimat (including the houses [h] of Nanakt) and possibly the Samhar (De Graef, 1998, pp. The Kassites entered into Babylon after the Old Babylonian Empire and established their rule around 1531 B.C. A stele (monument) from Egypt, dating back to 1208 BCE is the firs known inscription mentioning the nation of Israel. In the early 1st millennium BCE the countryside has become increasingly tribal and hostile towards the Babylonian temple cities (see Edens, 1994, pp. However, it should be remembered that there are many fewer texts from other parts of the Kassite state. Judges 8:33 records that after Gideon died, the Israelites turned from the Lord and worshiped Baals and made Baal-berith their God.

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